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In June 1998, attorney Enid H. Adler and representatives of more than 160 countries and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) participated in the Rome Treaty Conference, which created the first independent ��(ICC) under the Rome Statute. Over the next twenty years, she has interacted with the wide array of government and non-governmental entities that are part of the Rome Statute System – for example, the Court, the Assembly of States Parties, and the Trust Fund for Victims. Adler actively participated with these international entities and contributed to the continued evolvement of the new Court’s structure, powers and procedures. Since the creation of the Court in 1998 and until the present, she has been committed to active involvement in the growth and development of the Court, to international human rights, to the rule of law and to the ICC’s mission to end impunity for individuals reaching the Statutory threshold for committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide and the crime of aggression.

Throughout this period, Adler collected and preserved a unique documentary record of the process, development, and growth of the ICC from its creation in Rome until today. She has generously donated these materials to the �鶹��� Law Library, so that we may preserve and make available her personal, extensive and unique collection of historical materials chronicling the Court's inception and implementation.

Adler stated, “I am thrilled to make my historic and comprehensive collection available for use by current, past and future �鶹��� Law students and alums, researchers and the general public.”

Included in the Adler Collection are United Nations publications of official statements from participating governments, publicity materials and internal studies produced by a variety of non-governmental organizations, transcripts of e-mails and other correspondence produced by participants and observers of the official negotiations, and personal notes and photographs taken by Adler herself in numerous conferences and meetings wherein the form and powers of the proposed Court were shaped.

In addition to the documentation on the creation of the Court are included materials on the creation of a for practitioners before the Court and a for such practitioners, descriptions of the first cases of persons accused of crimes against humanity brought to trial before the ICC, and even competing architectural proposals for the , now completed, in The Hague, The Netherlands.

The Adler Collection is now preserved for future access by international law scholars and researchers in the �鶹��� Law Library.

Access to the Collection

The Enid H. Adler International Criminal Court Collection is stored in the secured archives of the �鶹��� Law Library. Materials are available for research by appointment in the library facility and under the guidance of library staff. Requests to examine materials in this collection should be based on particular items listed in the��published inventory. Please contact Hannah Fassbender, Access and Collection Associate, for assistance.

Enid H. Adler, a sole practitioner focused on asylum immigration, family reunification, and international human rights, is now semi-retired but still very active in legal and humanitarian issues. She has spent many years and considerable time and energy in pro bono, legal, community and international work. She is now retired from active practice.

Adler received a bachelor’s degree in education from Temple University. At age 50, she attended �鶹��� Law, where she earned a JD and later received a certificate in legal studies abroad from Dickinson University School of Law. Prior to becoming a lawyer, her careers included teaching, public/community/media relations, corporate image development, fundraising, international journalism and more. She is a well-published author, lecturer, mentor and amateur photographer.

Adler participated in the 1998 Treaty Conference of Nations, held in Rome, that established an independent and permanent International Criminal Court () to prosecute perpetrators of genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and crimes of aggression. Since then, she has been a committed representative of the non-government organization (NGO) (CICC), comprised of over 2500 civil society organizations worldwide, plus the (WICC). She was selected to be on the Coalition's Team on the Crime of Aggression negotiations. The Team's task was to meet with delegates from over 120 countries and prepare an amendment denoting criteria the Court would need to implement its . Adler describes the team's work as "eight years of challenging informal and formal deliberations." The Amendment was completed and passed in June 2010 at the , held in Kampala, Uganda. The Court's jurisdiction over this crime was activated in July 2018.

Adler was appointed to the American Bar Association's (ABA)��2010 ICC Review Conference Task Force��and was part of this ABA delegation in Kampala. She also serves on the CICC teams for , Legal Initiative, ,��and has additional responsibilities with the ABA Trial Observation Task Force, the ABA International Human Rights Committee, and the ABA International Refugee Law Committee. In addition, she is the past chair of the International Law Committee of the Philadelphia Bar Association and a member of the Mentoring Committees of the American Society of International Law and the Philadelphia Bar Association.

In addition to her work with the ICC, Adler was a founding member of the (ICB), and was instrumental in developing and editing its . At the November 2006 ICB meeting in The Hague, she was appointed to its Ethics and Mediation Committee. In the following year, she was appointed to the Bar's Lobbying/Liaison Committee to the International Criminal Court's Assembly of States Parties. Adler’s current interests include raising awareness on human trafficking in the Greater Philadelphia Region.

Selected Works by Enid H. Adler

Enid H. Adler, Connected by Bars: Philadelphia, Lyon Lawyers Renew Ties, 75(3) Philadelphia Lawyer 22 (Fall 2012).

Enid H. Adler, My Part in the Chorus: One Lawyer’s Contribution to International Justice, 70(1) Philadelphia Lawyer 32 (Spring 2007).

Michael E. Scullin & Enid H. Adler, Parleys, Views, Francais, 60(3) Philadelphia Lawyer 26 (Fall 1997).

Enid H. Adler, , 3 ILSA J. Int’l & Comp. L. 537 (1997).

This collection contains thousands of FBI documents procured by North Carolina lawyer Alexander Charns through the Freedom of Information Act over eight years. His research reveals the extent of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover’s secret activity to influence Supreme Court decisions and to discredit non-compliant Supreme Court Justices through wiretaps and disinformation. In the process, Charns filed hundreds of Freedom of Information requests and brought lawsuits against the FBI. Charns was given special permission to research Justice Abe Fortas’ papers, which showed Fortas had been an informer to the FBI and the White House during his tenure, which ended in disgrace after an ethics scandal. Charns' pioneering work was the first to expose this FBI constitutional violation of the separation of powers.

The collection has three linear feet of documents provided by the FBI and from Charns' own correspondence and legal actions to obtain them. It includes files on Warren Burger, Thurgood Marshall, Lewis Powell, Harry Blackman, Byron White, William Rehnquist and Carolyn Agger, the widow of Justice Fortas. Charns obtained the documents in this collection after the publication of Cloak and Gavel: FBI Wiretaps, Bugs, Informers and the Supreme Court��(University of Illinois Press) in 1992. The collection provides opportunities to expand upon the findings of Charns’ book.����

Special thanks to Professor Tuan Samahon for his role in bringing these unique and important materials to the �鶹��� Law Library.

Included in the Alexander Charns Cloak and Gavel Collection are FBI records gathered for the research of��Cloak and Gavel��as well as other works by Alexander Charns. These include an essay called "Playing the Information Game: How it Took Thirteen Years and Two Lawsuits to Get J. Edgar Hoover's Secrete Supreme Court Sex Files," co-written with Paul M. Green. The essay can be found in��, edited by Athan Tehoharis. The included records were also used in an Op-Ed by the author in the Washington Post titled "My Hero Still [Thurgood Marshall]" (Dec. 16, 1996). Various other newspaper articles concerning the new information regarding Supreme Court justices contained within these records were published as they were released.

Access to the Collection

The Alexander Charns Cloak and Gavel Collection is stored in the secured archives of the �鶹��� Law Library. Materials are available for research by appointment in the library facility and under the guidance of library staff. Requests to examine materials in this collection should be directed to Access and Collections Associate Hannah Fassbender.

Further Research

Researchers looking to find additional documents from the Alexander Charns collection should see the Alexander Charns Papers held in the Southern Historical Collection at the Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library at the University of North Carolina.